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自家车相撞三责险不赔——三责险赔付范围分析/储涛

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自家现代追尾大奔 保险公司赔还是不赔

储涛


【案情简介】

  事主任先生一人名下两辆私家车,一辆是奔驰,一辆是现代酷派。其中,现代酷派车购置于2007年10月10日,任先生当天为其投缴了包括机动车交通事故责任强制保险、机动车第三者责任保险、盗抢险、车上人员责任险、玻璃单独破损险、车身划痕损失险、专修厂维修特约险等一系列保险。
  同年10月12日,任先生夫妻一同出行。任先生开着3个月前新购置的奔驰车在前,其妻范女士开着上述现代酷派车紧随其后,在行至开发区第一大街晓园西路时发生追尾事故,两车均受损。经交警支队认定,任先生之妻范女士对此事故负全部责任。

  事故发生后,保险公司工作人员到现场勘查,并于事故发生两三天后将保险单交给任先生。为修奔驰,任先生花了78000元,车辆损失鉴定评估费又花了1800余元。

  对于任先生的索赔,保险公司认为,任先生作为肇事车辆的被保险人,对其本人所有的奔驰车在交通事故中所遭受的财产损失,不属于机动车第三者责任保险及机动车交通事故责任强制保险中关于第三者的规定范围,因此,保险公司不应对被保险人自己的财产承担第三者责任险的赔偿责任。为此,任先生一纸诉状将保险公司告上法庭。
 
  一审开发区法院经过审理认定,原告作为投保人和被保险人,其所投保的现代车碰撞同为其所有的奔驰车,造成的损失属于“第三者责任保险”的赔偿范围。保险公司最终被判赔偿原告“第三者责任保险”保险金近8万元。

【法律分析】

  本案涉及责任保险的特征和第三人界定,下面做逐一讨论:

一、责任保险的概念及其特征

  《保险法》第65条第4款规定:责任保险是指以被保险人对第三者依法应负的赔偿责任为保险标的的保险。责任保险属于广义的财产保险范畴,相对于狭义财产保险而言有如下特征:
  第一,责任保险的保险标的是被保险人对他人应承担的赔偿责任。狭义的财产保险的保险标的是具体的财产,虽然责任保险中也涉及财产,但这些财产是保险的对象,而不是保险标的,如机动车责任保险中的车辆、产品责任保险中的产品等。

  第二,责任保险发生保险事故时必定涉及第三方。由于责任保险是以被保险人对第三人的赔偿责任为标的,故发生保险事故时,必定有第三方。而狭义的财产保险发生保险事故时并不当然涉及第三人。

  第三,责任保险中的事故损失是第三人的损失,而不包含被保险人自身财产损失。责任保险事故的发生,是因为被保险人侵权或违约给第三人造成损害,第三人的损失是保险人赔付的对象,被保险人自身损失不属于保险人赔付的范围之列。虽然被保险人可依据合同约定直接要求保险人赔偿,但最终赔偿对象是第三人。

  第四,责任保险事故发生后被保险人应当对外赔偿,这是保险人赔付的前提。责任保险的保险事故是被保险人过失或违约造成的,故其应当第三人承担赔偿责任,而狭义财产保险事故的发生可能是由于第三人的侵权造成的,第三人应当向被保险承担赔偿责任。

  责任保险的上述特征反映了其制度的核心价值:转移被保险人的赔偿风险,保障被事故的受害人(第三人)能获得赔偿。

二、我国责任保险中第三人的界定

  第一,责任保险的第三人是除被保险人以外的人。由于责任保险的保险标的是被保险人对他人应当承担的法律责任,而在民事法律中没有对自己承担赔偿责任一说,故这里的他人不能包含被保险人自己。例如《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例》以及其他商业责任保险条款均把被保险人排除在第三人之列。需要说明的是,这里的第三人实际是相对被保险人而言的,而非严格的民事合同中的第三人。虽然保险人是合同当事人,但仍属于第三人之列,例如机动车三责险中,被保险人的投保车辆撞上保险人的车辆或财产,保险人在事故中就属于第三人,如被保险人应当向保险人赔付,则保险人也应当按照保险合同约定赔偿。

  第二,责任保险的第三人在事故发生后才能确定。虽然责任保险的第三人是被保险人以外的人,但保险事故发生前,由于被保险人赔偿义务不产生,第三人不确定,保险事故发生后,被保险人的赔偿义务产生,第三人也随之确定。

  第三,责任保险的第三人是保险事故的直接受害人、赔偿权利人。由于责任保险事故的发生是被保险人给第三人造成损害,故第三人一定是直接的受害者,同时根据法律规定属于赔偿权利人,这与狭义财产保险有所区别。

 当然,从保险的风险控制和制度设计需要,保险公司把驾驶人、车上人员、被保险人的家属或其雇员等排除在第三人之外。如我国的机动车商业保险条款、公共场所责任保险等。

  对责任险做上述剖析后,再回到本案。虽然现代车造成奔驰车损坏,但是现代车的投保人和奔驰车的所有人是同一个人,事故造成损害的人是被保险人本人,未造成被保险人以外的第三人财产损失,而被保险人本人不符合责任保险第三人特征,故保险公司不应赔偿。法院的判决理由抛弃了现行责任保险法律制度的基本特征,虽然可能实现个案公正,但确没有依法判决,这是不提倡的。有人认为保险条款把被保险人排除在第三人之外属于免责条款,这实际上对对保险法中的免责条款的错误认识。保险法中的免责条款是指法律没有规定,而保险人通过合同约定免除自己的赔偿责任的情形,而《保险法》对责任保险的定义已经将被保险人排除在第三人之列,属于法定的免除保险人责任情形,而不属于约定的免责条款,保险人无需明确说明。

【案件思考】

  虽然任先生是事故的受害人,但其是本案的被保险人,不符合三责险中第三人的特征,按我国现行《保险法》和《交强险条例》等有关规定,是难以赔付的。但就像本案法院判决理由那样,毕竟发生事故时,现代车由经原告允许的合法驾驶人范女士驾驶,原告并不能采取任何措施防止事故的发生;范女士作为任先生的妻子,驾驶任先生的车辆是很正常的,如判保险公司拒赔确实对投保人来说确实有些冤。况且,随着人民生活水平的提高,拥有几辆车的家庭将越来越多,并且很多单位都是有很多辆车,而这些车辆发生互碰在所难免,若都一概以受损人不是责任险的第三人而免陪,确实也不合理,这的确是需要解决的问题。

  解决上述问题,可以由立法部门对机动车责任保险保险公司的第三人做适当扩大解释或变通解释,对于类似本案情形能够给予赔付,日本就是采取变通方式方式。在立法做出修正前,保险公司可以新设立一个附加险,保障类似事故发生时,被保险人可以获得赔付,减少被保险人的损失。
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深圳市教育局关于印发《深圳市民办中小学办学情况信息公告办法》的通知

广东省深圳市教育局


深圳市教育局关于印发《深圳市民办中小学办学情况信息公告办法》的通知
(2007年5月30日)
深教规〔2007〕1号

  为进一步规范我市民办中小学的管理,增强民办中小学依法办学、自我约束的能力,完善民办中小学的监督机制,提高民办中小学办学透明度,维护学生和家长的利益,根据《中华人民共和国民办教育促进法》、《深圳市民办教育管理若干规定》的规定,我局制定了《深圳市民办中小学办学情况信息公告办法》。现予印发,请遵照执行。

深圳市民办中小学办学情况信息公告办法

  第一条 为了进一步规范民办中小学的管理,防范办学风险,营造公平的竞争环境,增强民办中小学依法办学、自我约束的能力,完善民办中小学的监督机制,促进民办中小学教育健康有序发展,根据《深圳市民办教育管理若干规定》的规定,制定本办法。
  第二条 本市行政区域内取得《中华人民共和国民办学校办学许可证》的民办中小学的办学情况信息公告活动,适用本办法。
  第三条 市教育行政部门负责对全市民办中小学的办学情况信息公告活动的监管,区教育行政部门负责公告本行政区域内民办中小学的办学情况信息。
  第四条 公告民办中小学办学情况信息应当遵循客观、规范、公平、公正的原则,不得披露法律、法规禁止披露的信息。
  第五条 区教育行政部门应在每年7月30日前公告一次本行政区域内民办中小学的办学情况信息,公告的信息按学年度划分,信息截止日为当年6月30日。
  第六条 民办中小学的办学情况信息有变化的,民办中小学可以在每年7月5日前向所在区教育行政部门申报。
民办中小学必须保证其所提供信息的合法性、真实性。
  第七条 市教育行政部门应在每年7月10日前将本学年度内民办高中的相关信息移交区教育行政部门进行公告。
  第八条 公告的民办中小学办学情况信息应包括下列内容:
  (一)民办中学小学基本情况:学校名称、办学许可证号、法定代表人姓名、校长姓名、学校地址、办学规模、办学层次、学校等级、师资状况、基本办学条件、收费标准、举办者、批准设立时间等;
  (二)学校获奖情况:获得区级以上党政、教科研等职能部门授予的奖项;
  (三)发生安全责任事故情况:交通事故、消防安全事故、食品卫生安全事故、建筑安全事故、校内设备安全事故等人身伤害事故;
  (四)违法违规办学及受处罚情况;
  (五)学校同意披露或者法律、法规未禁止披露的其他信息。
  第九条 区教育行政部门可以通过本部门的网站公告民办中小学办学情况信息,信息使用者可以通过上述网站免费获取相关信息。
  第十条 区教育行政部门公告的民办中小学办学情况信息可以长期保存和披露,其中民办中小学重大违法记录信息的保存和披露期限最长不得低于3年,法律、法规和规章另有规定的除外。
  公告的民办中小学办学情况信息的保存和披露期限,自该信息被公告之日起计算。
  第十一条 民办中小学对公告的本校办学情况信息内容有异议,要求解释、更正的,区教育行政部门应当及时予以解释或者更正。
  第十二条 民办中小学认为区教育行政部门不按照本办法规定公告民办中小学办学情况信息的,可以向市教育行政部门投诉,市教育行政部门应当调查处理,并在15个工作日内书面告知投诉人。
  第十三条 本办法自发布之日起施行。

中华人民共和国对外合作开采海洋石油资源条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国对外合作开采海洋石油资源条例(附英文)

(一九八二年一月十二日国务院常务会议通过)

第一章 总 则
第一条 为促进国民经济的发展,扩大国际经济技术合作,在维护国家主权和经济利益的前提下允许外国企业参与合作开采中华人民共和国海洋石油资源,特制定本条例。
第二条 中华人民共和国的内海、领海、大陆架以及其他属于 中华人民共和国海洋资源管辖海域的石油资源,都属于中华人民共和国国家所有。
在前款海域内,为开采石油而设置的建筑物、构筑物、作业船舶,以及相应的陆岸油(气)集输终端和基地,都受中华人民共和国管辖。
第三条 中国政府依法保护参与合作开采海洋石油资源的外国企业的投资、应得利润和其他合法权益,依法保护外国企业的合作开采活动。
在本条例范围内,合作开采海洋石油资源的一切活动,都应当遵守中华人民共和国的法律、法令和国家的有关规定;参与实施石油作业的企业和个人,都应当受中国法律的约束,接受中国政府有关主管部门的检查、监督。
第四条 中华人民共和国石油工业部是对外合作开采海洋石油资源的政府主管部门,依据国家确定的合作海区、面积,决定合作方式,划分合作区块;依据国家长期经济计划制订同外国企业合作开采海洋石油资源的规划;制订对外合作开采海洋石油资源的业务政策和审批海上油(气)田的总体开发方案。
第五条 中华人民共和国对外合作开采海洋石油资源的业务,统一由中国海洋石油总公司全面负责。
中国海洋石油总公司是具有法人资格的国家公司,享有在对外合作海区内进行石油勘探、开发、生产和销售的专营权。
中国海洋石油总公司根据工作需要,可以设立地区公司、专业公司、驻外代表机构,执行总公司交付的任务。
第六条 中国海洋石油总公司就对外合作开采石油的海区、面积、区块,通过组织招标,采取签订石油合同方式,同外国企业合作开采石油资源。
前款石油合同,经中华人民共和国外国投资管理委员会批准,即为有效。
中国海洋石油总公司采取其他方式运用外国企业的技术和资金合作开采石油资源所签订的文件,也应当经中华人民共和国外国投资管理委员会批准。

第二章 石油合同各方的权利和义务
第七条 中国海洋石油总公司通过订立石油合同同外国企业合作开采海洋石油资源,除石油工业部或石油合同另有规定者外,应当由石油合同中的外国企业一方(以下称外国合同者)投资进行勘探,负责勘探作业,并承担全部勘探风险;发现商业性油(气)田后,由外国合同者同中国海洋石油总公司双方投资合作开发,外国合同者并应负责开发作业和生产作业,直至中国海洋石油总公司按照石油合同规定在条件具备的情况下接替生产作业。外国合同者可以按照石油合同规定,从生产的石油中回收其投资和费用,并取得报酬。
第八条 外国合同者可以将其应得的石油和购买的石油运往国外,也可以依法将其回收的投资、利润和其他正当收益汇往国外。
第九条 参与合作开采海洋石油资源的中国企业、外国企业,都应当依法纳税,缴纳矿区使用费。
前款企业的雇员,都应当依法缴纳个人所得税。
第十条 为执行石油合同所进口的设备和材料,按照国家规定给予减税、免税,或者给予税收方面的其他优惠。
第十一条 外国合同者应当按照《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》的规定,开设银行帐户。
第十二条 外国合同者在执行石油合同中,应当使用适用而先进的技术和经营管理经验,并有义务向中国一方执行石油合同的有关人员(以下称中方人员)转让技术,传授经验;在石油作业中必须优先雇用中方人员,逐步扩大中方人员的比例,并应对中方人员有计划地进行培训。
第十三条 外国合同者在执行石油合同中,必须及时地、准确地向中国海洋石油总公司报告石油作业情况;完整地、准确地取得各项石油作业的数据、记录、样品、凭证和其他原始资料,并定期向中国海洋石油总公司提交必要的资料和样品以及技术、经济、财会、行政方面的各种报告。
第十四条 外国合同者为执行石油合同应当在中华人民共和国境内设立分支机构或代表机构,并依法履行登记手续。
前款机构的住所地应当同中国海洋石油总公司共同商量确定。
第十五条 本条例第三条、第八条、第九条、第十条、第十四条的规定,对向石油作业提供服务的外国承包者,类推适用。

第三章 石油作业
第十六条 作业者必须根据本条例和石油工业部颁布的有关开采石油资源的规定,参照国际惯例,制订油(气)田总体开发方案和实施生产作业,以达到尽可能高的石油采收率。
第十七条 外国合同者为执行石油合同,应当使用中华人民共和国境内现有的基地;如需设立新基地,必须位于中华人民共和国境内。
前款新基地的具体地点,以及在特殊情况下需要采取的其他措施,都必须经中国海洋石油总公司书面同意。
第十八条 中国海洋石油总公司有权派人参加外国作业者为执行石油合同而进行的总体设计和工程设计。中华人民共和国境内的设计公司在具有竞争力的条件下优先承包上述的总体设计和工程设计。
第十九条 为执行石油合同而需建造的所有设施,包括人工岛、平台、建筑物、构筑物等,在质量、价格、交货期和服务工作具有竞争力的条件下,作业者必须优先同中华人民共和国境内的制造工厂、工程公司签订承包合同。
第二十条 为执行石油合同所需的设备和材料,在具有竞争力的条件下,作业者、承包者都必须优先采购、使用中华人民共和国制造和提供的设备和材料。
第二十一条 为执行石油合同所需的物探、钻井、潜水、飞机、船舶、基地等方面的服务,在价格、效率和服务工作具有竞争力的条件下,作业者、承包者都必须优先同中华人民共和国境内的有关单位签订承包和服务合同。
第二十二条 外国合同者为执行石油合同,除租用第三方的设备外,按计划和预算所购置和建造的全部资产,当外国合同者的投资按照规定得到补偿后,其所有权属于中国海洋石油总公司,在合同期内,外国合同者仍然可以依据合同的规定使用这些资产。
第二十三条 本条例第十三条所规定的各项石油作业的数据、记录、样品、凭证和其他原始资料,其所有权属于中国海洋石油总公司。
前款数据、记录、样品、凭证和其他原始资料的使用和转让、赠与、交换、出售、公开发表以及运出、传送出中华人民共和国,都必须按照石油工业部制订的《资料管理规定》执行。
第二十四条 作业者和承包者在实施石油作业中,应当遵守中华人民共和国有关环境保护和安全方面的法律规定,并参照国际惯例进行作业,保护渔业资源和其他自然资源,防止对大气、海洋、河流、湖泊和陆地等环境的污染和损害。
第二十五条 石油合同区产出的石油,应当在中华人民共和国登陆,也可以在海上油(气)外输计量点运出。如需在中华人民共和国以外的地点登陆,必须经石油工业部批准。
第二十六条 在战争、战争危险或其他紧急状态下,中国政府有权征购、征用外国合同者所得的和所购买的石油的一部或全部。

第四章 附 则
第二十七条 在合作开采海洋石油资源活动中,外国企业和中国企业间发生的争执,应当通过友好协商解决。通过协商不能解决的,由中华人民共和国仲裁机构进行调解、仲裁,也可以由合同双方协议在其他仲裁机构仲裁。
第二十八条 作业者、承包者违反本条例规定实施石油作业,石油工业部有权提出警告,并限期纠正。如未能在限定的期限内纠正,石油工业部有权采取必要的措施,直至停止其实施石油作业。由此造成的一切经济损失,由责任方承担。
对严重违反本条例规定的责任者,石油工业部可处以罚款,直至向司法机关提起诉讼。
第二十九条 本条例所用的术语,其定义如下:
1、“石油”是指蕴藏在地下的、正在采出的和已经采出的原油和天然气。
2、“开采”是泛指石油的勘探、开发、生产和销售及其有关的活动。
3、“石油合同”是指中国海洋石油总公司同外国企业为合作开采中华人民共和国海洋石油资源,依法订立的包括石油勘探、开发和生产的合同。
4、“合同区”是指在石油合同中为合作开采石油资源以地理座标圈定的海域面积。
5、“石油作业”是指为执行石油合同而进行的勘探、开发和生产作业及其有关的活动。
6、“勘探作业”是指用地质、地球物理、地球化学和包括钻勘探井等各种方法寻找储藏石油的圈闭所做的全部工作,以及在已发现石油的圈闭上为确定它有无商业价值所做的钻评价井、可行性研究和编制油(气)田的总体开发方案等全部工作。
7、“开发作业”是指从石油工业部批准油(气)田的总体开发方案之日起,为实现石油生产所进行的设计、建造、安装、钻井工程等及其相应的研究工作,并包括商业性生产开始之前的生产活动。
8、“生产作业”是指一个油(气)田从开始商业性生产之日起,为生产石油所进行的全部作业以及与其有关的活动,诸如采出、注入、增产、处理、贮运和提取等作业。

9、“外国合同者”是指同中国海洋石油总公司签订石油合同的外国企业。外国企业可以是公司,也可以是公司集团。
10、“作业者”是指按照石油合同的规定负责实施作业的实体。
11、“承包者”是指向作业者提供服务的实体。
第三十条 本条例的施行细则由石油工业部制定。
第三十一条 本条例自发布之日起施行。

REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE EXPLOITATIONOF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM RESOURCES IN COOPERATION WITH FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE EXPLOITATION
OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM RESOURCES IN COOPERATION WITH FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
(Promulgated by the State Council on January 30, 1982)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
In the interest of developing the national economy and expanding
international economic and technological cooperation, these Regulations
are formulated, on the premise of maintaining national sovereignty and
economic interests, to permit foreign enterprises to participate in the
cooperative exploitation of offshore petroleum resources of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 2
All petroleum resources in the internal waters, territorial sea and
continental shelf of the People's Republic of China and in all sea areas
within the limits of national jurisdiction over the maritime resources of
the People's Republic of China are owned by the People's Republic of
China.
In the sea areas referred to in the preceding paragraph, all buildings and
structures set up and vessels operating to exploit petroleum, as well as
the corresponding onshore oil (gas) terminals and bases, shall be under
the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.
Article 3
The Government of the People's Republic of China shall protect, in
accordance with the law, the investments of foreign enterprises
participating in the cooperative exploitation of offshore petroleum
resources, the profits due to them and their other legitimate rights and
interests, and shall protect, in accordance with the law, the cooperative
exploitation activities of foreign enterprises.
All activities for the cooperative exploitation of offshore petroleum
resources within the scope of these Regulations shall be subject to the
laws and decrees of the People's Republic of China and relevant provisions
of the State; all persons and enterprises taking part in petroleum
operations shall be subject to the laws of China and shall accept
inspection and supervision by the competent authorities concerned of the
Chinese Government.
Article 4
The Ministry of Petroleum Industry of the People's Republic of China shall
be the competent authority in charge of the exploitation of offshore
petroleum resources in cooperation with foreign enterprises, and shall
determine the forms of cooperation and demarcate areas of cooperation in
accordance with the zones and the surface areas of cooperation designated
by the State; it shall work out a plan for the exploitation of offshore
petroleum resources in cooperation with the foreign enterprises in
accordance with long-term state economic plans, formulate operation and
management policies for the cooperative exploitation of offshore petroleum
resources and examine and approve the overall development program for
offshore oil (gas) fields.
Article 5
The China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) shall have exclusive
and overall responsibility for the work of exploiting offshore petroleum
resources in the People's Republic of China in cooperation with foreign
enterprises.
CNOOC is a state corporation with the status of a legal person and has the
exclusive right to prospect for, develop, produce and market the petroleum
within the zones of cooperation with foreign enterprises.
CNOOC may, as the work requires, establish regional corporations,
specialized corporations and overseas representative offices to carry out
the tasks delegated by the head office.
Article 6
CNOOC shall, by means of calling for bids and signing petroleum contracts,
cooperate with foreign enterprises to exploit petroleum resources in
accordance with the zones, surface areas and areas of cooperation with
foreign enterprises for the exploitation of petroleum resources.
The petroleum contracts referred to in the preceding paragraph shall come
into force upon approval by the Foreign Investment Commission of the
People's Republic of China. All the documents signed by CNOOC for other
forms of cooperative exploitation of petroleum resources utilizing
technology and funds provided by foreign enterprises shall also be subject
to approval by Foreign Investment Commission of the People's Republic of
China.

Chapter II Rights and Obligations of the Parties to Petroleum Contracts
Article 7
CNOOC shall cooperate with foreign enterprises to exploit offshore
petroleum resources by means of entering into petroleum contracts, and,
unless otherwise specified by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry or in a
petroleum contract, the foreign enterprise party to the petroleum contract
(hereafter "foreign contractor") shall provide the investment to carry out
prospecting, be responsible for prospecting operations and bear all
prospecting risks; after a commercial oil (gas) field is discovered, both
the foreign contractor and CNOOC shall provide the investment for its
cooperative development, and the foreign contractor shall be responsible
for the development operations and production operations until CNOOC takes
over the production operations when conditions permit as provided in the
petroleum contract. The foreign contractor, in accordance with the
provisions of the petroleum contract, recovers its investment and expenses
and receives remuneration out of the petroleum produced.
Article 8
The foreign contractor may export the petroleum due to it and the
petroleum it purchases, and may also, in accordance with the law, remit
abroad the investment it recovers, its profits and its other legitimate
income.
Article 9
All Chinese enterprises and foreign enterprises participating in the
cooperative exploitation of offshore petroleum resources shall pay taxes
in accordance with the law and shall pay mining royalties.
All the employees of the enterprises referred to in the preceding
paragraph shall pay individual income tax in accordance with the law.
Article 10
The equipment and materials imported for carrying out the petroleum
contract shall be subject to tax at a reduced rate, or be exempted from
tax, or be given other preferen-tax treatment in accordance with state
provisions.
Article 11
The foreign contractor shall open a bank account in accordance with the
provisions of the Interim Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 12
In carrying out the petroleum contract, the foreign contractor shall use
appropriate and advanced technology and management experience and shall be
obligated to transfer the technology and pass on the experience to the
personnel of the Chinese side involved in carrying out the petroleum-
contract (hereafter "Chinese personnel"); in petroleum operations, the
foreign contractor must give preference in employment to Chinese
personnel, progressively increase the percentage of Chinese personnel and
train Chinese personnel in a planned way.
Article 13
In carrying out the petroleum contract, the foreign contractor must
promptly and accurately report to CNOOC on the situation of petroleum
operations; and it must acquire complete and accurate data, records,
samples, vouchers and other original data with respect to the various
aspects of the petroleum operations, and regularly submit to CNOOC the
required data and samples as well as various technological, economic,
financial and accounting, and administrative reports.
Article 14
In carrying out the petroleum contract, the foreign contractor shall
establish a branch or subsidiary or representative office within the
territory of the People's Republic of China and fulfil registration
formalities in accordance with the law.
The location of the offices referred to in the preceding paragraph shall
be determined through consultation with CNOOC.
Article 15
The provisions of Articles 3, 8, 9, 10 and 14 of these Regulations shall,
by analogy, apply to foreign subcontractors that render services in
connection with the petroleum operations.

Chapter III Petroleum Operations
Article 16
In order to achieve the highest possible oil recovery factor, the operator
must, in accordance with these Regulations and the relevant provisions
promulgated by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry on the exploitation of
petroleum resources and in the light of international practice, formulate
an overall development program for the oil (gas) field and carry on
production operations.
Article 17
In carrying out the petroleum contract, the foreign contractor shall use
the existing bases within the territory of the People's Republic of China,
and, if new bases are needed, they must be established within the
territory of the People's Republic of China. The specific locations of
the new bases referred to in the preceding paragraph, and other
arrangements that may be necessary in special circumstances, must all be
subject to the written approval of CNOOC.
Article 18
CNOOC shall have the right to send personnel to join the foreign operator
in making master designs and engineering designs for carrying out the
petroleum contract. Designing corporations within the territory of the
People's Republic of China shall enjoy priority in entering into
subcontracts for the master designs and engineering designs mentioned
above, provided that their terms are competitive.
Article 19
With respect to all facilities required to be built in carrying out the
petroleum contract, including artificial islands, platforms, buildings and
structures, when signing subcontracts, the operator must give preference
to manufacturing plants and engineering corporations within the territory
of the People's Republic of China, provided that they are competitive in
terms of quality, price, time of delivery and services.
Article 20
With respect to the equipment and materials required to carry out the
petroleum contract, the operator and subcontractors must give preference
to procuring and utilizing equipment and materials manufactured and
supplied by the People's Republic of China, provided that these are
competitive.
Article 21
With respect to services that are required to carry out the petroleum
contract, such as those for geophysical prospecting, well-drilling,
diving, aircraft, ships and bases, the operator and subcontractors must
enter into subcontracts and service contracts with relevant departments
within the territory of the People's Republic of China, provided that they
are competitive in terms of price, efficiency and services.
Article 22
The ownership of all assets purchased or built by the foreign contractor
to carry out the petroleum contract in accordance with the plan and
budget, excluding equipment leased from a third party, shall belong to
CNOOC after the foreign contractor's investment has been compensated as
provided for, and, within the term of the contract, the foreign contractor
may continue to use those assets in accordance with the provisions of the
contract.
Article 23
CNOOC shall have the ownership of all of the data, records, samples,
vouchers and other original data with respect to the petroleum operations
stipulated in Article 13 of these Regulations.
The utilization and transfer, donation, exchange, sale and publication of
the previously mentioned data, records, samples, vouchers and other
original data and their export and transmission from the People's Republic
of China must all be conducted in accordance with the "Provisions on the
Control of Data" formulated by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry.
Article 24
In the course of petroleum operations, the operator and subcontractors
shall comply with the relevant laws and provisions on environmental
protection and safety of the People's Republic of China, and shall, in the
light of international practice, protect fishery resources and other
natural resources and prevent the environment, including the air, seas,
rivers, lakes and land, from being polluted or damaged, when conducting
operations.
Article 25
The petroleum produced within the petroleum contract area shall be landed
in the People's Republic of China or may be exported from oil (gas)
metering points on offshore terminals. In case such petroleum has to be
landed at point outside the People's Republic of China, the approval of
the Ministry of Petroleum Industry must be obtained.
Article 26
In circumstances of war, the threat of war or other emergencies, the
Chinese Government shall have the right to compulsory purchase or
requisition of a portion or all of the petroleum due to it or purchased by
the foreign contractor.

Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions
Article 27
Any dispute arising between foreign and Chinese enterprises during the
cooperative exploitation of offshore petroleum resources shall be settled
through friendly consultations. If it cannot be resolved through
consultation, mediation and arbitration may be conducted by an arbitration
body of the People's Republic of China, or the parties to the contract may
agree upon arbitration by another arbitration body.
Article 28
In case an operator or contractor violates the provisions of these
Regulations in conducting petroleum operations, the Ministry of Petroleum
Industry shall have the right to issue a warning and set a deadline for
correction. If no correction can be made prior to the specified deadline,
the Ministry of Petroleum Industry shall have the right to adopt necessary
measures, even up to the suspension of implementation of petroleum
operations. All economic losses arising therefrom shall be borne by the
party responsible. A party responsible for serious violations of these
Regulations may be fined by and/or even be subject to legal action filed
with the judicial organs by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry.
Article 29
The terms used in these Regulations are defined as follows:
(1) "Petroleum" means crude oil or natural gas deposited underground,
currently being extracted or already extracted.
(2) "Exploitation" means, in general, the exploration for and development,
production and marketing of petroleum, as well as other related
activities.
(3) "Petroleum contract" means a contract signed, in accordance with the
law, between CNOOC and foreign enterprises for the cooperative
exploitation of offshore petroleum resources of the People's Republic of
China, including the exploration for and development and production of
petroleum.
(4) "Contract area" means a surface area designated within a sea area
demarcated by geographical coordinates in the petroleum contract for the
cooperative exploitation of petroleum resources.
(5) "Petroleum operations" means all exploration, development and
production operations and other related activities conducted in carrying
out the petroleum contract.
(6) "Exploration operations" means all work done to locate the
petroleum-bearing traps by means of geological, geophysical and
geochemical methods and including drilling exploratory wells, etc., and
all work done to determine the commerciality of discovered petroleum
traps, including appraisal drilling, feasibility studies and preparation
of the overall development program for an oil
(gas) field.
(7) "Development operations" means projects, such as those for designing,
construction, installation and drilling, and corresponding research work,
conducted from the date of the approval of the overall development program
for an oil (gas) field by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry, in order to
bring about petroleum production, including production activities carried
out before the commencement of commercial production.
(8) "Production operations" means all operations for producing petroleum
conducted after the date of commencement of the commercial production of
an oil (gas)
field and related activities, such as extraction, injection, production
stimulation, processing, storage and transportation and lifting of
petroleum and other operations.
(9) "Foreign contractor" means a foreign enterprise that signs a petroleum
contract with CNOOC. The foreign enterprises may be a corporation or a
consortium of corporations.
(10) "Operator" means an entity that is responsible for implementing the
operations pursuant to the provisions of the petroleum contract.
(11) "Subcontractor" means an entity that renders services to the
operator.
Article 30
Rules for the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by
the Ministry of Petroleum Industry.
Article 31
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.